AQA GCSE Biology contents

Unit 4 · Bioenergetics

Required Practical 6: Light Intensity & Photosynthesis

2 min read · part of the full Exam Guide

Method

  • Put a piece of pondweed (Elodea or Cabomba), cut end upwards, in a boiling tube of water containing sodium hydrogencarbonate, which provides carbon dioxide so it is not the limiting factor
  • Stand the tube in a beaker of water to act as a heat shield, keeping the temperature constant, and use an LED lamp, which gives off little heat
  • Put the lamp 10 cm from the tube and leave for a few minutes to acclimatise
  • Count the bubbles of oxygen given off in one minute. Repeat twice more and take a mean
  • Move the lamp to 20, 30, 40 and 50 cm and repeat
  • Plot rate (bubbles per minute) against distance, or (HT) against 1d2\frac{1}{d^2}

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practical — the rate of photosynthesislampmeasure the distance from the lamp to the pondweedbeaker of water — keeps the temperature constantbubbles of oxygen rise from the cut stem —count them for a fixed timepondweed in sodium hydrogencarbonatesolution, which supplies carbon dioxidecount bubbles per minuteMove the lamp to different distances and count the bubbles at each one. Light intensity isproportional to 1 ÷ distance², so doubling the distance quarters the intensity.Keep the temperature and the carbon dioxide supply the same throughout — the beaker of waterabsorbs the heat from the lamp so that only the light intensity changes.
The set-up: a lamp at a measured distance from a boiling tube of pondweed in sodium hydrogencarbonate solution, standing in a beaker of water, bubbles rising from the cut stem, with a ruler and stopwatch

  • Variables: independent distance from the lamp (light intensity); dependent number of bubbles per minute (rate of photosynthesis); control temperature (water bath), carbon dioxide concentration (same solution), the same piece of pondweed, and other lights in the room (darkened)

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